烃源岩不同性质有机酸的分离及其检测方法     

杜佳宗  何蓓  蔡进功  雷天柱  刘庆  谢忠怀 《高校地质学报》2020,26(5):540-548

烃源岩中的有机酸来源于有机质，但有机质具有不同的赋存形式，有机酸具有不同性质，这将影响有机酸与不同赋存有机质的关系，进而影响分离和检测方法。文章在总结前人对有机质赋存形式和有机酸性质等特征的基础上，提出烃源岩中的有机酸并以非单一的形式存在，具有水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸三种类型，游离有机质中存在水溶性和脂溶性有机酸，而结合有机质中存在水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸。因此在检测方法上需采取分步分离的方法，且根据有机酸的性质选取合适的检测方法，即水溶性有机酸利用离子色谱检测，索氏抽提得到的脂溶性有机酸利用气相色谱—质谱检测，通过酸解抽提残渣得到的难溶性有机酸利用红外光谱检测，全面系统地认识烃源岩中有机酸含量和类型等特征。这对进一步探讨烃源岩各种类型有机酸特征和演化规律，深化烃源岩有机质生烃以及有机—无机相互作用等机理都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Parallelized combined finite-discrete element (FDEM) procedure using multi-GPU with CUDA     

Quansheng Liu  Weiqin Wang  Hao Ma 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(2):208-238

This paper focuses on the efficiency of finite discrete element method (FDEM) algorithmic procedures in massive computers and analyzes the time-consuming part of contact detection and interaction computations in the numerical solution. A detailed operable GPU parallel procedure was designed for the element node force calculation, contact detection, and contact interaction with thread allocation and data access based on the CUDA computing. The emphasis is on the parallel optimization of time-consuming contact detection based on load balance and GPU architecture. A CUDA FDEM parallel program was developed with the overall speedup ratio over 53 times after the fracture from the efficiency and fidelity performance test of models of in situ stress, UCS, and BD simulations in Intel i7-7700K CPU and the NVIDIA TITAN Z GPU. The CUDA FDEM parallel computing improves the computational efficiency significantly compared with the CPU-based ones with the same reliability, providing conditions for achieving larger-scale simulations of fracture.  相似文献   

基于多源信息融合的浅海超低频声源目标探测关键技术及实现     

孙显彬  郑轶  于非 《海洋科学》2019,43(1):95-100

以多传感器信息融合理论为指导,结合现代信息处理技术与数据驱动建模及科学计算技术,研究浅海超低频声源目标激发共存地震波的复合声场中超低频声波传播特性和数据驱动建模的水下目标深度识别等关键技术,并论证了技术实现方案及路径。结果表明:以复合矢量水听器、地震波监测仪等多传感器信息融合理论为指导研究前海超低频声源目标可以克服传统声场建模存在的问题,有助于浅海超低频声源目标探测及改善海洋水下声学监测手段。在提高声呐探测设备的测量准确度、精度方面具有重要的理论意义,对周边海域为浅海的我国海防具有实战价值。  相似文献   

海面溢油无人机高光谱遥感检测与厚度估算方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任广波  过杰  马毅  罗旭东 《海洋学报》2019,41(5):146-158

海上溢油是海洋国家所面临的共同问题，但至今仍没有一种可靠实用的海上溢油准确识别和油量遥感监测方法。为此，本文以无人机高光谱遥感为手段，开展了海面溢油检测与厚度估算方法研究。实验中，通过搭建室外大型水槽溢油实验装置，获取了模拟真实海洋环境条件下不同溢油量的遥感和现场光谱数据，在此基础上，分析并提取了海上溢油特征光谱波段，给出了海上溢油高光谱检测模型；针对现场实验条件下水面油膜厚度难以测定的问题，设计了3种利用总体溢油量的油膜厚度估算模型。得到如下主要结论:（1）675 nm和699 nm是海上溢油检测的有效特征波段，但对极薄的油膜没有检测能力；（2）提出了归一化溢油指数模型、反比例模型和吸收基线模型等3种海上溢油油膜厚度估算模型，其中对于薄油膜（厚度≤ 5 μm）和厚油膜（厚度>50 μm），反比例模型是溢油厚度反演的首选也是唯一选择。对于中厚度油膜，晴朗天气条件下，归一化溢油指数模型是油膜厚度反演的首选，同时反比例模型和溢油吸收基线模型也都有较好的反演能力，而在多云天气条件下，反比例模型效果最佳。  相似文献   

Characterisation of hydroclimatological trends and variability in the Lake Naivasha basin,Kenya          下载免费PDF全文

Vincent Omondi Odongo  Christiaan van der Tol  Pieter R. van Oel  Frank M. Meins  Robert Becht  Japheth Onyando  Zhongbo Su 《水文研究》2015,29(15):3276-3293

Recent hydro‐climatological trends and variability characteristics were investigated for the Lake Naivasha basin with the aim of understanding the changes in water balance components and their evolution over the past 50 years. Using a Bayesian change point analysis and modified Mann–Kendall tests, time series of annual mean, maximum, minimum, and seasonal precipitation and flow, as well as annual mean lake volumes, were analysed for the period 1960–2010 to uncover possible abrupt shifts and gradual trends. Double cumulative curve analysis was used to investigate the changes in hydrological response attributable to either human influence or climatic variability. The results indicate a significant decline in lake volumes at a mean rate of 9.35 × 10⁶ m³ year^?1. Most of the river gauging stations showed no evidence of trends in the annual mean and maximum flows as well as seasonal flows. Annual minimum flows, however, showed abrupt shifts and significant (upward/downward) trends at the main outlet stations. Precipitation in the basin showed no evidence of abrupt shifts, but a few stations showed gradual decline. The observed changes in precipitation could not explain the decline in both minimum flows and lake volumes. The findings show no evidence of any impact of climate change for the Lake Naivasha basin over the past 50 years. This implies that other factors, such as changes in land cover and infrastructure development, have been responsible for the observed changes in streamflow and lake volumes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Surfactant Enhance DLLME/FO‐LADS: Assay of Malachite Green Level in Aquatic Environment of Trout Fish     

Araz Bidari  Mohammad Reza Ganjali  Parviz Norouzi 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(1):83-87

Malachite green (MG), a traditional agent used in aquaculture although is not approved; its low cost and high efficacy make illicit use likely. We developed a small‐scale, simple, and sensitive dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for the assay of trace amounts of MG in aquatic environment of Trout fish. Fiber optic‐linear array detection spectrophotometry with charge‐coupled device detector benefiting from a microcell was used for this purpose. The method is based on enhancement effect of an anionic surfactant on the extraction of MG in to very fine multidroplets of microextraction solvent which made assisted by disperser solvent. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor 77.5 was obtained from a 5‐mL water sample. The calibration graph was linear up to 5 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 with detection limit of 1 × 10^?8 mol L^?1. The relative standard deviation for seven replicate measurements of 4 × 10^?7 and 5 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 of MG were 3.3 and 4.5%, respectively.  相似文献   

石棉控制法规及其检测方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

鲍俊  王全林 《岩矿测试》2011,30(5):644-653

介绍了石棉的特性、危害,以及在建筑、纺织、设备制造业和国防工业等方面的应用情况.讨论了能够导致石棉肺、恶性间皮瘤、肺癌、支气管癌等恶性疾病的石棉纤维形态及进入人体的途径.对世界卫生组织、国际劳工组织、联合国环境规划署、联合国粮食及农业组织和世界贸易组织,以及美国、欧盟、日本、中国等40多个国家关于石棉控制法规的实施历程...  相似文献   

新疆北山黑山岭一带多元信息综合分析与找矿靶区优选     

陈俊  郑勇  高俊宝  肖忠 《新疆地质》2011,29(4):437-441

以现代成矿理论为指导,通过GIS平台,经数据综合分析,提取新疆北山黑山岭一带地质、化探、物探、遥感和矿产等多元找矿信息,确定本区成矿要素,圈定出7个找矿靶区.采用成矿要素加权法对靶区进行优选和分类,并对优选找矿靶区进行野外验证,发现多处金、铜、钒矿点.表明在该区进行多元找矿信息综合分析与找矿靶区优选是有效的,可为新疆北...  相似文献   

三维全空间坑道直流聚焦超前探测数值模拟     

张力  阮百  刘海飞  邓小康 《物探与化探》2011,35(3):419-422

应用同性点源之间的相斥和聚焦原理,设计出适合坑道空间的垂直聚焦超前探测方案。利用有限元法结合高效行压缩存储格式及迭代求解算法,对三维坑道空间中聚焦超前探测效果进行模拟研究。数值计算结果与土槽物理模拟实验结果对比,说明设计方案达到l了聚焦超前探测的目地。通过坑道复杂模型计算,表明垂直聚焦观测方案能够有效探测前方和旁侧存在的不良地质体。  相似文献   

矿井探地雷达井下快速超前探测与数据分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁庆华 《物探化探计算技术》2011,33(5):531-535,464

煤矿井下条件复杂,生产进度快,探测掘进面平整度差。为了准确探测矿井掘进工作面前方地质构造情况,基于探地雷达反射原理,介绍探地雷达在井下工作实用探测方式,探讨了井下探地雷达数据处理和波形分析方法,结合在煤矿井下的应用试验,分析探地雷达实际使用效果,指导煤矿安全生产。  相似文献